Larkana
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Larkana, a prominent city in the Sindh province of Pakistan, holds a unique place in the country’s cultural, political, and historical landscape. Nestled on the banks of the ancient Ghar Canal and surrounded by fertile plains, Larkana has been a center of civilization, power, and agriculture for centuries. Known for its deep-rooted history, political influence, and vibrant traditions, Larkana continues to be one of Sindh’s most important cities.
Located in north-western Sindh, Larkana enjoys a strategic position on the map of Pakistan. It is bordered by Shikarpur to the north, Dadu to the south, Khairpur to the east, and Kamber-Shahdadkot to the west. The city lies near the Indus River, which has long played a central role in the region’s agricultural prosperity. With its flat and fertile land, Larkana is a key contributor to Pakistan’s agricultural output, particularly in rice, wheat, sugarcane, and vegetables.
Larkana’s climate is generally hot and dry in the summer and mild in the winter. The presence of the Ghar Canal and other irrigation systems supports extensive cultivation, making agriculture the backbone of the local economy. Besides farming, trade and small-scale industries such as textile production and handicrafts also provide employment and economic activity for the residents.
Larkana’s history stretches back thousands of years, with roots in the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Just outside the city lies Mohenjo-Daro, one of the world’s most remarkable archaeological sites. Mohenjo-Daro, believed to be over 4,000 years old, reveals the sophistication of early urban planning and social organization. The discovery of this site has cemented Larkana’s status as a cradle of ancient civilization and a symbol of human progress.
Over the centuries, Larkana has been influenced by various rulers and empires, including the Persians, Greeks, Mauryas, Scythians, Arabs, and the British. Each of these powers left behind cultural and architectural imprints that can still be observed in the region today. During the colonial period, Larkana was considered one of the most developed areas of Sindh due to its location and administrative importance.
Larkana is often referred to as the political capital of Sindh, largely due to its association with the Bhutto family, one of Pakistan’s most prominent political dynasties. The city is the hometown of the late Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan’s former Prime Minister and founder of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). His daughter, Benazir Bhutto, also served as Prime Minister and remains a deeply admired figure in Pakistani history.
The Bhutto family's ancestral village, Garhi Khuda Bakhsh, is located near Larkana and houses the family mausoleum, where Zulfikar, Benazir, and other family members are buried. This site has become a symbol of political heritage and draws thousands of visitors and party supporters every year, particularly on the anniversaries of their deaths. The political loyalty of Larkana’s people to the PPP is well-known, and the city remains a stronghold of the party.
Larkana’s cultural fabric is woven with the threads of Sindhi traditions, language, music, and attire. Sindhi is the dominant language spoken in the region, though Urdu and English are also understood, especially in educational and professional circles. The traditional attire—men wearing shalwar kameez and Sindhi topi, and women in colorful dresses with mirror work—reflects the region's rich identity.
Music and poetry are integral to the city's culture. Sufi poetry, particularly that of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, is cherished and often recited in gatherings. Traditional instruments such as the dholak, tambura, and yaktaro are commonly used during local festivals and cultural events. Sindhi Ajrak and handicrafts like embroidered garments, clay pottery, and handcrafted jewelry showcase the artistry and creativity of the people.
Larkana also celebrates local festivals with great enthusiasm, including Sindhi Topi Day, Urs (Sufi saints' anniversaries), and various religious occasions. These events bring communities together and serve as expressions of both spiritual devotion and communal pride.
Larkana is home to several educational institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities. One of the most notable is the Chandka Medical College, a respected institution that has produced thousands of doctors and medical professionals. In recent years, efforts have been made to improve the city's educational infrastructure, including the establishment of universities, vocational centers, and digital learning hubs.
Despite some progress, challenges remain in the education sector. Rural areas around Larkana still struggle with access to quality education, teacher shortages, and outdated facilities. However, community-based initiatives and government programs are gradually addressing these issues.
In terms of healthcare, Larkana has a network of public and private hospitals. The Chandka Medical College Hospital serves as a major healthcare facility for the city and neighboring districts, providing essential medical services and specialist care. However, like many cities in Pakistan, there is a need for increased investment in modern healthcare infrastructure and rural outreach programs.
Larkana has seen notable urban development in recent decades. The city has expanded with new roads, commercial centers, and housing colonies. The presence of banks, hotels, shopping markets, and transport facilities has added to its appeal as a regional hub.
Nevertheless, urban challenges persist. Rapid population growth has led to issues such as traffic congestion, waste management, and water scarcity. Electricity shortages and load shedding are also common concerns that affect both households and industries. Additionally, environmental concerns, including deforestation and pollution of canals, pose long-term threats to sustainability.
City planners and local governments are under pressure to address these issues through better urban planning, infrastructure projects, and community participation. Public awareness campaigns about hygiene, environmental conservation, and civic responsibility are gradually making an impact.
Larkana offers several attractions for visitors interested in history, culture, and heritage. The most famous is the archaeological site of Mohenjo-Daro, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The museum and ruins at the site provide a fascinating look into one of the world’s earliest urban settlements, with its advanced drainage systems, granaries, and public baths.
Other notable places include the Bhutto family mausoleum, the Ghar Canal, the beautiful Bakrani gardens, and various old temples and shrines. Traditional bazaars in Larkana are perfect for buying local crafts, Ajrak, and Sindhi embroidery. These markets are lively and reflect the true spirit of Sindh.
For tourists, the hospitality of Larkana’s people adds to the charm of the visit. The local cuisine, featuring Sindhi biryani, saag, bhindi, and sweet desserts like rabri and lassi, is another highlight that leaves a lasting impression.
Larkana is more than just a city—it is a living chronicle of Sindh’s rich history, cultural depth, and political journey. From the ancient ruins of Mohenjo-Daro to the political legacy of the Bhuttos, from lush farmlands to bustling markets, Larkana represents a unique blend of tradition and transformation. While challenges remain in terms of infrastructure and public services, the resilience and pride of its people continue to shape the future of this historic city. Larkana stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of Sindh, rooted in the past but always reaching toward the future.
